Machine Design
The connecting rod bolts are tightened up with initial tension greater than the external load so that

Bolts will not loosen during service
The resultant load on the bolt would not be affected by the external cyclic load
Joint may not open up
Bolts are weakest elements

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Machine Design
Which is correct statement? Stress concentration in static loading is

Very serious in brittle materials and less serious in ductile materials
Seriousness would depend on other factors
Equally serious in both types of materials
Very serious in ductile materials and less serious in brittle materials

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Machine Design
Castle nut is a locking device in which

A slot is cut partly is middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming

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