Machine Design
The connecting rod bolts are tightened up with initial tension greater than the external load so that

Bolts are weakest elements
Bolts will not loosen during service
The resultant load on the bolt would not be affected by the external cyclic load
Joint may not open up

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Machine Design
The elasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Regains its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed
Resists fracture due to high impact loads
Retain deformation produced under load permanently
Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force

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