DC Motors
The commutating winding is basically used in a dc machine

To control the speed of machine
None of the listed here
To improve commutation
To reduce armature reaction

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DC Motors
As there is no back e.m.f. at the instant of starting a D.C. motor, in order to prevent a heavy current from flowing though the armature circuit

Armature is temporarily open circuited
A high value resistor is connected across the field winding
A resistance is connected in series with armature
A resistance is connected parallel to the armature

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