Automation System
How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?

All of these
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller
the error is divided into discrete amounts
None of these

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Automation System
What is offset error?

the difference between the sensor input and the absolute sensed parameter.
None of these
the difference between the controller output and the setting of the manipulated variable.
the difference between the control setpoint value and the actual value.
All of these

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