Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm
the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm

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Plant Structure
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials
None of these
The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo

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Plant Structure
Which of the following statements about the outer mitochondrial membrane is not true?

The outer membrane is highly permeable to substances of small molecular weight
The outer membrane contains porins
The outer membrane is impermeable to hydrogen ions
The outer membrane is about 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight

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