Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate
is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable

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Plant Structure
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both have their own ribosomes
Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size
Both have their own DNA
Both can live and function independently of the cell

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Plant Structure
Which of the following statements about the outer mitochondrial membrane is not true?

The outer membrane is impermeable to hydrogen ions
The outer membrane is highly permeable to substances of small molecular weight
The outer membrane contains porins
The outer membrane is about 50% lipid and 50% protein by weight

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Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm
mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane

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