Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
steady-state metabolism
a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
equilibrium metabolism

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Plant Structure
Which is not true about a photon?

The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of the photons
It donates electron to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose
It is a packet of light energy
It is trapped by photosynthetic unit

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium

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Plant Structure
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo
Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
None of these
Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials

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Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate

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