Computer Networking
Which of the following technique is used for encapsulation?

One of the pieces that results when an IP gateway divides an IP datagram into smaller pieces for transmission across a network that cannot handle the original datagram size
a technique used in best-effort delivery systems to avoid endlessly looping packets.
None of these
All of these
a technique used by protocols in which a lower level protocol accepts a message from a higher level protocol and places it in the data portion of the low level frame.

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Computer Networking
Why does the data communication industry use the layered OSI reference model?1. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting.2. It enables equipment from different vendors to use the same electronic components, thus saving research and development funds.3. It supports the evolution of multiple competing standards and thus provides business opportunities for equipment manufacturers.4. It encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of the model.

1 only
1 and 4
2 and 3
3 only

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