Engineering Thermodynamics
A closed system is one in which

Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so
Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
Both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The mass of flue gas per kg of fuel is the ratio of the

Mass of oxygen in 1 kg of flue gas to the mass of oxygen in 1 kg of fuel
Mass of carbon in 1 kg of flue gas to the mass of carbon in 1 kg of fuel
Mass of carbon in 1 kg of fuel to the mass of carbon in 1 kg of flue gas
Mass of oxygen in 1 kg of fuel to the mass of oxygen in 1 kg of flue gas

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Engineering Thermodynamics
Extensive property of a system is one whose value

Is not dependent on the path followed but on the state
Is dependent on the path followed and not on the state
Depends on the mass of the system like volume
Does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature, pressure, etc.

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