Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Surging is the phenomenon of

Air stream blocking the passage
Motion of air at sonic velocity
Unsteady, periodic and reversed flow
Air stream not able to follow the blade contour

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
An ideal air compressor cycle without clearance on P-V diagram can be represented by following processes

Two adiabatic, one isobaric and one constant volume
One adiabatic, one isobaric and two constant volumes
One adiabatic, two isobaric, and one constant volume
Two adiabatic and two isobaric

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
In the cross compounding of the gas turbine plant

All are connected in series
H.P. compressor is connected to L.P. turbine and L.P. compressor is connected to H.P. turbine
H.P. compressor is connected to H.P. turbine and L.P. compressor to L.P. turbine
Both the arrangements can be employed

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