Soil Mechanics and Foundation
In hydrometer analysis for a soil mass

meniscus correction is subtractive and dispersing agent correction is additive
both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are additive
both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are subtractive
meniscus correction is additive and dispersing agent correction is subtractive

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress on soil

Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability
Increases both voids ratio and permeability
Decreases both voids ratio and permeability
Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability

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