Environmental Science
The lag in daily temperature refers to the time lag between the:

Time of maximum solar radiation and the time of maximum temperature
Minimum and maximum solar energy received at the surface for a given day
Minimum and maximum temperature for a day
Time of minimum temperature and the time of maximum solar radiation
Sunrise and sunset

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Environmental Science
Low clouds retard surface cooling at night better than clear skies because:

The formation of the clouds releases latent heat energy
The clouds absorb and radiate infrared energy back to earth
The clouds start convection currents between them
The clouds are better conductors of heat than is the clear night air
The water droplets in the clouds reflect infrared energy back to earth

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