Maratha Empire
Shivaji founded the Maratha kingdom by annexing the territories of

Bijapur
Bijapur, Golcunda and the Mughals
Both (a) and (b) above
Mughals

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Maratha Empire
'Chauth' was

A religious tax imposed by Aurangzeb
Toll tax imposed by Shivaji
Land tax levied by Shivaji on neighbouring States
Irrigation tax charged by Akbar

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