Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Effective stress on soil

Decreases both voids ratio and permeability
Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability
Increases both voids ratio and permeability
Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A cylindrical specimen of saturated soil failed under an axial vertical stress of 100kN/m2 when it was laterally unconfmed. The failure plane was inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 45°. The values of cohesion and angle of internal friction for the soil are respectively

0.5 N/mm² and 30°
0.2 N/mm² and 0°
0.05 N/mm² and 45°
0.05 N/mm² and 0°

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