Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
In hydrometer analysis for a soil mass

meniscus correction is subtractive and dispersing agent correction is additive
both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are subtractive
both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are additive
meniscus correction is additive and dispersing agent correction is subtractive

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