Electrical Machines
Satisfactory commutation of DC machine requires

 brushes should be of proper grade and size.
All of these
 smooth, concentric commutator properly undercut.
 brushes should smoothly run in the holders.

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Electrical Machines
An inverted V curve of synchronous motor shows variation of

 power factor and supply voltage during hunting.
  power factor and DC excitation at constant load.
 supply voltage and excitation current at constant load.
 supply voltage and field current at constant excitation.

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Electrical Machines
If two 8-pole dc machines of identical armature sare wound, one with lap winding and the other with wave winding, then

 lap-wound machine will have more rated voltage and more current
 lap-wound machine will have more rated voltage and less current
 wave-wound machine will have more rated voltage and less current
 wave-wound machine will have more rated current and more voltage

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