Building Materials
Sapwood consists of

Innermost annular rings around the pith
Thin layers below the bark
Thin fibre which extends from the pith outwards and holds the annular rings together
Portion of timber between heartwood and cambium layer

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Building Materials
Pick up the correct statement from the following: Method of sawing timber

All of these
In four quarters such that each board cuts annual rings at angles not less than 45°, is known as quarter sawing method
Tangentially to annual rings, is known as tangential method
Cut out of quarter logs, parallel to the medullary rays and perpendicular to annual rings, is known as radial sawing

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Building Materials
The basic purpose of a retarder in concrete is

To increase the initial setting time of cement paste in concrete
To decrease the initial setting time of cement paste in concrete
To render the concrete more water tight
To improve the workability of concrete mix

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