Operating System (OS)
A critical region is

one which is enclosed by a pair of P and V operations on semaphores
a program segment that often causes unexpected system crashes
none is the above
a program segment that has not been proved bug-free
a program segment where shared resources are accessed

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Operating System (OS)
Semaphores

synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock
None of these
are used to do I/O
synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
are used for memory management

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