Chemical Process
Reverse osmosis is normally used for the

Desalination of brackish water to produce potable (drinking) water
Separation of isotopes of uranium from gaseous uranium hexaflouride
Separation of helium from natural gas
Purification of oxygen

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Chemical Process
Transparent soaps (e.g. Pears) are

Usually soft soap (made from coconut oil) in which cane sugar & alcohol are added and finally washed with methylated spirit to achieve transparency
Metallic soaps with frothing agent and free stearic acid to achieve transparency
Metallic soaps with frothing agent from which glycerine has not been recovered
None of these

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