Physics
Rectifiers are used to convert:

Low voltage to high voltage
Alternating current to Direct current
High voltage to low voltage
Direct current to Alternating current

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Physics
In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap in between them because

Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
Steel can be saved
Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided
Air-gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train

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