Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis? Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Which of these cytokines is also known under the name cachectin? Interleukin 2 None of these Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Interferon gamma TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Each of the 3 virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis i.e. the capsule, edema toxin and lethal toxin can affect the activity of M cells B cells ciliated epithelial cells macrophages TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines None of these it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
The toxins produced by bacteria interfere with physiological processes in the body All of these encourage bacterial reproduction kill viruses TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine? A limited number of capsule types The possession of a segmented RNA genome The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Which of the following disease is caused by DNA viruses? Small pox Measles Yellow fever Poliomyelitis TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because infected implants usually have to be surgically removed All of these phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Which is not a major defense mechanism in the stomach? Low pH Dense normal flora Proteolytic enzymes All of these TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?
Coxsackie virus B3, a subgroup of enteroviruses, commonly causes muscular dystrophy myocarditis gastroenteritis acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis TRUE ANSWER : ? YOUR ANSWER : ?