Process Control and Instrumentation
Suppose that the gain, time constant and dead time of a process with the following transfer function:Gc(s) = 10 exp( - 0.1s)/(0.5s + 1) are known with a possible error of ± 20% of their values. The largest permissible gain Kc of a proportional controller needs to be calculated below taking the values of process gain, time constant and dead time as

8, 0.6, 0.08
12, 0.6, 0.12
12, 0.4, 0.08
8, 0.6, 0.12

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Normal mercury thermometer can be used to measure a temperature of about 300°C. However, its maximum temperature measurement range can be increased upto about 500°C by

Accounting for the tube expansion
Filling nitrogen under pressure in the stem
Increasing the diameter of the tube
Using steel tube in place of glass tube

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