Measurement and Instrumentation
In measurement system, the function of the signal manipulating elements is to

 change the magnitude of the input signal while retaining its identity.
 change the quantity under measurement to an analogues signal.
 to perform non liner operation like clipping filtering, chopping and clamping.
 to perform linear operation like addition and multiplication.

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Measurement and Instrumentation
In AC circuits, the connection of measuring instruments cause loading effect errors which may effect

 only the magnitude of the quantity being measured.
 only phase of the quantity being measured.
 magnitude, phase and waveform of the quantity being measured.
 both of above.

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