Engineering Economics
Pick up the correct reason for making conceptual (or preliminary) estimate from the following:

To have a check on a definitive cost estimate
To check quotations from contractors and/or sub-contractors
To compute target estimate for the owner while drawing and specifications are in initial stage
All of these

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Engineering Economics
In a cash flow series:

The gradient in the cash flow may be positive or negative
All of these
Either an increase or decrease in the amount of a cash flow is called the gradient
Uniform gradient signifies that an income or disbursement changes by the same amount in each interest period

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