Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
On a ladder resisting on a smooth ground and leaning against a rough vertical wall, the force of friction acts

Away from the wall at its upper end
Towards the wall at its upper end
Upwards at its upper end
Downwards at its upper end

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
If a set of given forces are such that their free vectors build a closed polygon, then

The resultant force is zero but resultant couple may not be zero
The resultant force and resultant couple both may not be zero
The resultant force is zero but resultant couple is not zero
The resultant force and resultant couple are always zero

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