Refractory Technology
__________ of carbon blocks in the hearth of blast furnace helps in avoiding skull formation, when it becomes cold.

Low porosity
Non-wetting characteristics
High thermal conductivity
High density

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Refractory Technology
What is Thoria?

Which is expensive & radioactive, is used in crucibles for melting high purity metals
Thoria Has high fusion temperature (> 3000°C) but poor resistance to thermal shock
Thoria Has high resistance to basic slags
All of these

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Refractory Technology
Carbon refractories

Have extremely low thermal & electrical conductivities
Do not resist temperature fluctuations
Do not burn/oxidise, when exposed to air on heating
Are not attacked by slags, as they are not wetted by melts

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Refractory Technology
Natural silica

All of these
Transforms to other allotropic forms i.e tridymite and cristoballite involving very high volume changes
Is not stable at high temperature
Mainly contains quartz

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