Fuels and Combustion
Fixed carbon in coal is defined as

The total quantity of carbon present in the coal
That present in volatile matters
Hundred minus the percentage of volatile matter, ash and moisture
The one which is present in the residue after combustion

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Fuels and Combustion
Sometimes water is sprayed during coal charging in the coke oven, which helps in

Controlling the dust nuisance while charging the coal
Reducing the cracking of hydrocarbons in the gas and increasing the percentage of CO & H₂ in the gas (due to the endothermic reaction represented by C + H₂O = CO + H₂)
Prevention of clinker formation in the oven
All of these

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