Refractory Technology
Natural silica

All of these
Mainly contains quartz
Is not stable at high temperature
Transforms to other allotropic forms i.e tridymite and cristoballite involving very high volume changes

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Refractory Technology
Silica refractories

Can not be used in the dome of hot blast stoves
Crack when subjected to sudden change of temperature
Have lower thermal conductivity than fireclay bricks
All of these

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Refractory Technology
Carbon refractories

Have extremely low thermal & electrical conductivities
Do not burn/oxidise, when exposed to air on heating
Are not attacked by slags, as they are not wetted by melts
Do not resist temperature fluctuations

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