Mass Transfer
Solvent extraction is the terminology applied to the liquid-liquid extraction, which is preferred for the separation of the components of liquids, when

One of the liquid components is heat sensitive
Extracting solvent is cheaply & abundantly available
Viscosity of liquid components is very high
One of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the solvent

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Mass Transfer
McCabe-Thiele method

Can use any type of units
Uses molal units for material and energy balance
Uses weight fractions to express liquid and vapour composition
Is more accurate than Ponchan-Savarit method

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Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight
Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column

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