Environmental Science
The main reason why vegetables take longer to cook in boiling water at high altitudes is because:

There is less oxygen in the air at high altitude
The temperature of the boiling water decreases with increasing altitude
Water boils at a higher temperature with higher altitude
Saturation vapor pressure decreases with increasing altitude

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Environmental Science
During the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere:

Astronomical winter begins in the Northern Hemisphere
The noon sun is overhead at 23.5o S latitude
All of these
At middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, this marks the longest night of the year

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