System Analysis and Design
Main characteristic of "ring", in Data structure, is

Many records point to one record
First record points only to the last record
Last record points to the first record
Each record points to all other records

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System Analysis and Design
Direct-access organization

means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key.
has records placed randomly throughout the file
Stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
uses an index for each key type

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