Transgenic Plant
Low temperatures induce the expression of many cold-induced genes. Transgenic plants with improved cold tolerance have been produced by

cooling plants using the Peltier effect
expressing the protein that activates expression of these genes all the time in plants
increasing evaporative cooling from leaf surfaces
expressing a gene for production of antifreeze (ethylene glycol) in plants

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Transgenic Plant
Antisense technology

selectively blocks expression of a gene
combines organelles and cells
combines genetic material from different species
alters or transfers cells

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Transgenic Plant
In transgenic plants that have been manipulated to express patho-genesis-related (PR) proteins all the time it has been shown that

expression of two PR proteins provides some protection against a few pathogens
expression of one PR protein provides high levels of protection against many pathogens
these provide no protection at all against pathogens
these proteins trigger the production of other antimicrobial defenses

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