Transgenic Plant
Low temperatures induce the expression of many cold-induced genes. Transgenic plants with improved cold tolerance have been produced by

expressing a gene for production of antifreeze (ethylene glycol) in plants
expressing the protein that activates expression of these genes all the time in plants
cooling plants using the Peltier effect
increasing evaporative cooling from leaf surfaces

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Transgenic Plant
In transgenic plants that have been manipulated to express patho-genesis-related (PR) proteins all the time it has been shown that

these proteins trigger the production of other antimicrobial defenses
expression of two PR proteins provides some protection against a few pathogens
these provide no protection at all against pathogens
expression of one PR protein provides high levels of protection against many pathogens

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