This is a simple division series. Each number is divided by 5. Rule = (1st number / 5 = 2nd number) (2nd number / 5 = 3rd number)....Now, (1000 / 5 = 200), (200 / 5 = 40), (40 / 5 = 8)...So answer is a = 8.
The least number to be added to the numbers to make them divisible by 9 is equal to the difference of the least multiple of 9 greater than the sum of the digits and sum of the digits.Sum of digits = 15.Nearest multiple of 9 greater than sum of digits = 18.Hence 3 has to be added.