Heat Transfer
Log mean temperature difference (LMTD) cannot be used, if

the heat capacity is not constant and there is a phase change.
there exists an unsteady state
none of the listed here
heat transfer co-efficient over the entire heat exchanger is not constant

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Heat Transfer
In a laboratory test run, the rate of drying was found to be 0.5 x 10-3 kg/m².s, when the moisture content reduced from 0.4 to 0.1 on dry basis. The critical moisture content of the material is 0.08 on a dry basis. A tray dryer is used to dry 100 kg (dry basis) of the same material under identical conditions. The surface area of the material is 0.04 m²/kg of dry solid. The time required (in seconds) to reduce the moisture content of the solids from 0.3 to 0.2 (dry basis) is

5000
4000
2000
6000

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