Chemical Process
Lime and soda ash are added to water to remove

Bicarbonates & sulphates of calcium and magnesium
Its corrosiveness
Bacteria
Undersirable taste and odour

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Chemical Process
Oils are partially hydrogenated (not fully) to manufacture vanaspati, because fully saturated solidified oils

Are prone to rancid oxidation
Cause cholesterol build up and blood clotting
Always contain some amount of nickel (as their complete removal is very difficult)
Have affinity to retain harmful sulphur compounds

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