Pandyas acknowledged the overlordship of the Cholas for about 30 years. Prantaka Viranayana was also defeated by Krishna III who was the Rashtrakuta King, in the battle of Takkolam in 949 A.D.
Ashoka’s Dhamma emphasised on non-violence and mutual respect. It encompassed a social and intellectual code of ethics. It focused on primacy of ethical behaviour and the recognition of the dignity of human life.