Engineering Materials
Combined carbon in iron makes the metal

Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure

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Engineering Materials
In a hardening process, the hypo-eutectoid steel is

Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace

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Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing

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