Engineering Materials
In process annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is

Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly

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Engineering Materials
A coarse grained steel

Is more ductile and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is less tough and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is less tough and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is more ductile and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment

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Engineering Materials
White cast iron

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

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