Engineering Materials
In a hardening process, the hypo-eutectoid steel is

Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air

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Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties

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Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing

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