Furnace Technology
In furnaces operating at very high temperature (say) 1250°C, e.g. soaking pit), the maximum heat transfer takes place by

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Can not be predicted

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Furnace Technology
The reason for excessive clinker formation in gas producers is the

Use of fuel having too low an ash fusion temperature
Use of coal/coke containing a high % of fines and ash
Development of hot spots in the fuel bed and an abnormally high rate of gasification
All of these

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