Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field-flux axis and armature-mmf axis are respectively along

 quadrature axis and direct axis
 direct axis and indirect axis
 quadrature axis and interpolar axis
 direct axis and interpolar axis

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Electrical Machines
In a DC shunt generator working on load, the brushes are moved forward in the direction of rotation, as a result of this, commutation will

  worsen and terminal voltage will fall
  worsen and terminal voltage will rise.
 improve but terminal voltage will fall.
  improve and terminal voltage will rise .

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