System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
all of the listed here

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System Analysis and Design
Most algorithms follow the format of

Entering the input items, then displaying the input items, and then processing the output items
Entering the output items, then processing the output items, and then displaying the output items
Entering the output items, then displaying the output items, and then processing the output items
Entering the input items, then processing the output items, and then displaying the output items
Entering the input items, then processing the input items, and then displaying the output items

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System Analysis and Design
Reverse video is a technique of

emphasizing data by reversing the foreground and background
hiding confidential data on the screen
None of these
showing data upside down on the screen
showing data with half brightness

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