Design of Steel Structure
In case of timber structures, the simple bending formula M = fz may be applied for

solid circular beams only
rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth
all square cross-section beams
all rectangular beams

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Design of Steel Structure
In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate

50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
Fully through fastenings
75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings
Fully by direct bearing

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