Design of Steel Structure
In case of timber structures, the simple bending formula M = fz may be applied for

all square cross-section beams
all rectangular beams
rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth
solid circular beams only

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Design of Steel Structure
The bracing between two columns of a steel tank will be designed to resist

column loads + 2.5% of horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake
horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake only
horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads
column loads + full horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake

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Design of Steel Structure
In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate

Fully through fastenings
75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings
50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
Fully by direct bearing

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