Language Processors
In analyzing the compilation of PL/I program, the term "Machine independent optimization" is associated with

recognition of basic elements and creation of uniform symbols
creation of more optional matrix
use of macro processor to produce more optimal assembly code
recognition of basic syntactic constructs through reductions

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Language Processors
A self-relocating program is one which

All of these
cannot be made to execute in any area of storage other than the one designated for it at the time of its coding or translation
can itself perform the relocation of its address-sensitive portions
consists of a program and relevant information for its relocation

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Language Processors
The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is/ are:

more flexibility is available to the programmer in which he/she may use all the features of the assembler in conjunction with macros
Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macro processor and input to the assembler
All of these
many functions do not have to be implemented twice

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