Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
A square hole is punched out of a circular lamina, the diagonal of the square being the radius of the circle. If ‘r’ is the radius of the circle, the C.G. of the remainder from the corner of the square on the circumference will be

[r (π + 0.25)]/(π + 0.5)
[r (π - 0.5)]/(π + 0.25)
[r (π - 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)
[r (π + 0.25)]/(π - 0.5)

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Applied Mechanics and Graphic Statics
The characteristic of a couple is:

A couple can be never the balanced by a single force
Algebraic sum of forces, constituting a couple is zero
Algebraic sum of moments of forces, constituting a couple, about any point, is same
All listed here

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