Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
In the 3-phase induction motor, the resultant flux is of a constant nature and is

 equal to φm, where φm is the maximum flux due to any phase
 1/2 times maximum value of flux due to any phase
 3 times maximum value of flux due to any phase
 3/2 times maximum value of flux due to any phase

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