Petroleum Refinery Engineering
In a refinery petroleum crude is fractionated into gas fraction, light ends, intermediate distillates, heavy distillates, residues and by products. The group of products including gas oil, diesel oil and heavy fuel oil belongs to the fraction

Light ends
Heavy distillates
Intermediate distillates
Residues

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Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Crude oil is subjected to vacuum distillation in the last stage, because

Lighter/low boiling products are prone to thermal decomposition
High boiling point products like heavy fuel oil & lubricating oils are heat sensitive and may decompose
High purity products can be obtained thereby
None of these

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