Physics
In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap in between them because

Steel can be saved
Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided
Air-gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided

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Physics
Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of

Density of the substance to the density of water at 4°C
Density of the substance to the density of water at 0°C
Density of water at 4°C to the density of the substance
Density of the substance to the density of water

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