Physics
In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap in between them because

Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
Air-gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
Steel can be saved
Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided

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Physics
Thermohaline circulation is mainly due to

Warmer, less dense water sinking in the ocean and cold water replacing it
Warm water being added to the ocean due to industial waste
Cold, dense ocean water sinking and warmer water replacing it
Winds causing circulation of ocean water

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Physics
Railway tracks are banked on curves

the train may not fly off in the opposite direction
necessary centripetal force may be obtained from the horizontal component of the weight of the train
necessary centrifugal force may be obtained from the horizontal component weight of the train
to avoid frictional force between the tracks and wheels

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