Electrical Machines
In a DC shunt generator working on load, the brushes are moved forward in the direction of rotation, as a result of this, commutation will

  improve and terminal voltage will rise .
  worsen and terminal voltage will fall
  worsen and terminal voltage will rise.
 improve but terminal voltage will fall.

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Electrical Machines
Cogging in induction motor occurs when

 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = odd number.
 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = even number.
 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = 0.
 number of stator teeth - number of rotor teeth = negative number.

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  both (A) and (B).

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