Electrical Machines
In a DC generator the actual flux distribution depends upon

  shape of the pole shoe.
  clearance between tips of the adjacent pole shoes.
 size of air gap.
  all of above.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 it reduces field structure iron losses
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 commutator action is not possible otherwise

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Electrical Machines
In a DC machine, for the same value of φ, Z and N; which one of the following statements is correct?

 Armature emf is same as long as the flux density in the air gap remains the same.
  Armature emf is more with wave winding than with lap winding.
 Armature emf is less with wave winding than with lap winding.
 Armature emf depends on weather the machine is running as a motor or generator.

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