Heat Transfer
In a cooling tower, water becomes cool by

Heat transfer to surroundings
Vaporisation due to heat loss to air
Loosing latent heat
Loosing sensible heat

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Heat Transfer
The advantage of backward feed multiple effect evaporators over forward feed units is that

There is no additional cost of pumping
Most concentrated liquid is at highest temperature
Equal heat transfer co-efficients exist in various effects
Heat sensitive material can be handled

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