Electrical Machines
The synchronous reactance( Xs) is the

 reactance due to leakage flux
 reactance due to armature reaction of the machine
 combined reactance due to armature reaction and leakage flux
 reactance either due to armature reaction or leakage flux

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Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.
 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.
  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.

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