Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
None of these

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Degree of consolidation is

directly proportional to drainage path and inversely proportional to time
directly proportional to square of drainage path and inversely proportional to time
directly proportional to time and inversely proportional to drainage path
directly proportional to time and inversely proportional to square of drainage path

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The admixture of coarser particles like sand or silt to clay causes

decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index
increase in both liquid limit and plasticity index
decrease in liquid limit and no change in plasticity index
decrease in liquid limit and increase in plasticity index

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